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O-Level Paper 1: How Europeans widened their grip

the Dutch in Indonesia, 1870s to 1920s (an either/or choice against Vietnam)

What the syllabus expects

The way the Dutch pushed their authority outward from Java toward the Outer Islands, taking their earlier footing before 1870 as the starting point
Scope: Not tested is everything predating 1870: Dutch commerce in the archipelago reaching back to the closing years of the 1500s, the consequences once the VOC went bankrupt in 1800, and how the East Indies were governed beforehand, including Dutch authority over Java alongside the part played by indigenous elites
What pushed the Dutch to broaden the reach of their authority
Scope: A rising hunger for empire and zones of dominance, together with demand for raw materials plus commercial crops and a desire to render the territory inviting to investors
The leading figures who drove the Dutch advance into the Outer Islands
How Dutch governance reshaped Indonesia politically once 1870 had passed
Scope: Wider Dutch reach past Java by way of indirect rule, a more centralised administration pressing into the Outer Islands, and a slow shift granting locals a larger share of participation
The economic reshaping that Dutch rule brought about
Scope: Expansion of commercial crops such as sugar and rubber alongside oil extraction, producing an economy geared toward exports
How Dutch rule reshaped society
Scope: The appearance of mixed communities and towns together with an elite schooled in Western ways
How locals reacted to the political, economic and social shifts brought under Dutch rule